A leader leads by example not by
force.
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風 Swift
as the wind
林 Quiet as the forest 火 Conquer like the fire 山 Steady as the mountain |
To know your Enemy, you must
become your Enemy.
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Opportunities multiply as they are
seized.
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Strategy without tactics is the
slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before
defeat.
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Pretend inferiority and encourage
his arrogance.
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He who knows when he can fight and
when he cannot will be victorious.
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Victorious warriors win first and
then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.
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All warfare is based on deception.
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Build your opponent a golden
bridge to retreat across.
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Speed is the essence of war. Take advantage
of the enemy's unpreparedness; travel by unexpected routes and strike him
where he has taken no precautions.
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It is said that if you know your
enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperilled in a hundred battles;
if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you will win one and
lose one; if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be
imperilled in every single battle.
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A military operation involves
deception. Even though you are competent, appear to be incompetent. Though
effective, appear to be ineffective.
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Management of many is the same as
management of few. It is a matter of organization.
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For to win one hundred victories
in one hundred battles is not the acme of skill. To subdue the enemy without
fighting is the acme of skill.
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The best victory is when the
opponent surrenders of its own accord before there are any actual
hostilities... It is best to win without fighting.
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To a surrounded enemy, you must
leave a way of escape.
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One defends when his strength is
inadaquate, he attacks when it is abundant
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If your opponent is of choleric
temperament, seek to irritate him.
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Thus, what is of supreme
importance in war is to attack the enemy's strategy.
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What the ancients called a clever
fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease.
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There is no instance of a nation
benefitting from prolonged warfare.
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When the enemy is at ease, be able
to weary him; when well fed, to starve him; when at rest, to make him move.
Appear at places to which he must hasten; move swiftly where he does not
expect you.
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A skilled commander seeks victory
from the situation and does not demand it of his subordinates.
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When torrential water tosses
boulders, it is because of its momentum. When the strike of a hawk breaks the
body of its prey, it is because of timing.
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The general who advances without
coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose only thought is to
protect his country and do good service for his sovereign, is the jewel of
the kingdom.
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All men can see these tactics
whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory
is evolved.
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It is essential to seek out enemy
agents who have come to conduct espionage against you and to bribe them to
serve you. Give them instructions and care for them. Thus doubled agents are
recruited and used.
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If words of command are not clear
and distinct, if orders are not thoroughly understood, the general is to
blame. But if his orders ARE clear, and the soldiers nevertheless disobey,
then it is the fault of their officers.
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Subtle and insubstantial, the
expert leaves no trace; divinely mysterious, he is inaudible. Thus he is
master of his enemy's fate.
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The general who wins the battle
makes many calculations in his temple before the battle is fought. The
general who loses makes but few calculations beforehand.
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And therefore those skilled in war
bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.
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The quality of decision is like
the well-timed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its
victim.
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The good fighters of old first put
themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an
opportunity of defeating the enemy.
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Too frequent rewards indicate that
the general is at the end of his resources; too frequent punishments that he
is in acute distress.
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Secret operations are essential in
war; upon them the army relies to make its every move.
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Now the reason the enlightened
prince and the wise general conquer the enemy whenever they move and their
achievements surpass those of ordinary men is foreknowledge.
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If you know your enemy and you
know yourself you need not fear the results of a hundred battles. If you know
yourself but not the enemy for every victory gained you will also suffer a
defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself you will succumb in every
battle.
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The control of a large force is
the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of
dividing up their numbers.
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The ultimate in disposing one's troops
is to be without ascertainable shape. Then the most penetrating spies cannot
pry in nor can the wise lay plans against you.
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If fighting is sure to result in
victory, then you must fight.
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When able to attack, we must seem
unable; when using our forces, we must seem
inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near |
If we do not wish to fight, we can
prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be
merely traced out on the ground. All we need to do is to throw something odd
and unaccountable in his way.
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